That city had been captured by the First Crusaders in 1098 but was lost to the Muslim leader Zengi in 1144. As a result of the preaching of persuasive churchmen, such as Bernard of Clairvaux, the ...

Concentric castles - with two curtain (outer) walls - were developed during the crusades, and these ideas were used to improve and fortify castles back in Europe. Islamic armies had used gunpowder ...

From the crusades of the medieval period to racial violence today, mankind has sought ways to ‘sanctify’ harmful actions, explains a scholar of religion. The first Muslim prayer in 86 years ...

threatened by the rising power of the Muslim Seljuk Turks. But when Pope Urban II preached a sermon at Clermont in 1095, the result was unlike anything ever seen before. #EpicHistoryTV #Crusades ...