"Estimating Risk Preferences in the Field." Journal of Economic Literature. Bell, David E. 1985. "Disappointment in Decision Making under Uncertainty." Operations Research 33(1): 1–27. Benartzi, ...

The VIX, inferred from the prices of option on the stock exchange and known colloquially as the "fear index," is a widely-used proxy for global risk aversion and for markets' sensitivity to ...

This paper introduces the concept of standard risk aversion. A von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function has standard risk aversion if any risk makes a small reduction in wealth more painful (in the ...

Human adults tend to avoid risk. In behavioral economic studies, risk aversion is manifest as a preference for sure gains over uncertain gains. However, children tend to be less averse to risk than ...

A look to financial economics has since added another wrinkle, by pointing to the need to separate risk aversion from intertemporal substitution to calibrate real-world behavior, at times lowering ...