These stones represent the geological diversity of colored stone formation from the earth’s near surface in the crust (amethyst) to the mantle (peridot). Photo by Maha Tannous; courtesy of Apache Gems ...

A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust that allows magma, hot ash and gases to escape. The water cycle works by using the energy of the Sun to exchange water from oceans and lakes to the ...

The vibrant colors in a firework don't come directly ... Strontium is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust. However, only two carbonate minerals—celestite and strontianite ...

Stable parts of the Earth's crust may not be as immovable as previously thought. While much of the crust is affected by plate tectonic activity, certain more stable portions have remained ...

These anomalies are surprisingly similar to sunken chunks of Earth's crust but appear in seemingly impossible places. Potential patches of Earth's ancient crust, sometimes called "sunken worlds ...

Volcanoes can look like small mountains or hills. A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust that allows magma, hot ash and gases to escape. Composite volcanoes are the most common type of volcano.