Arab Muslims conquered the Holy Land in 638 ... Many people responded to the Pope's wishes by joining the Crusades - showing this by cutting out red crosses and sewing them onto their tunics.

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Spanning most of the High Middle Ages (1050-1300 CE), a series of military expeditions called the Crusades was launched from Christian Europe against the peoples of the Near East. Sparked by a zeal to ...

This established his military dominance in the Holy Land and triggered the Third ... pilgrims who arrived in the Middle East during the Crusades were European immigrants eager to begin a new ...

On 27 November 1095, Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to ...