Closed section beams are beams that have a hollow cross-section that is completely enclosed by a continuous wall. Examples of closed section beams are circular tubes, square or rectangular hollow ...

This repository stores 695 experimental data and 3,974 finite element data for steel square hollow sections (SHS) and rectangular hollow sections (RHS) members under compression. The data includes ...

In particular, a copper hollow profile produced by conform process will ... to demonstrate the feasibility of having the desired jacket cross section, in particular a rounded rectangular hole. The ...