The only treatment method requires burning ... The bacteria are incorporated into royal jelly feed given by worker bees to the queen bee, which then ingests the feed and keeps some of the vaccine ...

Bees’ contribution to these pollination services are by far the most important and are vital, but they are in decline due to interacting effects of diseases, climate change and habitat destruction. Dr ...

"If those pesticides [used in combination] harm bees ... the Royal Society journal Proceedings B, from 40 years of research into colonies that survive infestations, without any chemical treatment ...