At the end of the twelfth century the relationships of Byzantium with the western world were complicated by mutual suspicions and conflicting claims. Three Crusades, and a long procession of pilgrims ...

The remaining Crusades were failures of one sort or another and, instead, contributed to the heightened tensions still visible in the Middle East today. In particular, the Fourth Crusade which ended ...

Saladin has captured the Holy Kingdom of Jerusalem and as a result, the Islamic world has been rallied, resulting in the Mohads combining together with the Ayyubid Dynasty in an attempt to capitalise ...