and puff pastry. All-purpose flour is the most common substitute for pastry flour. It has a higher protein content than pastry flour, but it can be used in the same proportions as pastry flour in a ...

If you don't have pastry flour on hand, you can substitute 1:1 with cake flour, which will result in a slight difference in ...

No flour has proved more exciting to me than pastry flour -- a soft, finely ground grain that shares many characteristics with cake flour. What's the difference between cake and pastry flour?

Indeed, constraints posed to apprentice volunteers and to the bakery and pastry-shop managers were ... to anticipated levels of concentrations of flour dust), as we had expected.